2024亞洲德噶線上課程｜《心經》禪修指引第四天摘要
2024-05-28
2024亞洲德噶線上課程｜《心經》禪修指引第四天摘要
主講：詠給・明就仁波切
日期：2024年5月28日
英譯中：壤日法師
有學生問：仁波切，在您教導「十二緣起」的時候，提到當印記觸發時，業力由於「受」產生發展到「取」；而另一方面，您也提到「印記」是在「生」時產生的，能不能解釋一下這兩者的區別，以及它們之間的關係? 「業力」或是「印記」是輪迴流轉的原因嗎？或者這兩者都是輪迴流轉的因？
▌業力和印記，是輪迴的因？
仁波切回答：這就像一個循環，就像問：「是先有雞呢？還是先有蛋？」這沒完沒了，其實就是一直在那邊循環著，沒有答案，這樣一個輪轉，我們就稱為「輪迴」，輪迴就是這樣，一直在那裡流轉著。
就「十二緣起」來說，其實就有兩種業的印記，開頭是「無明」跟「行」。「行」就是業印，而「無明」跟「行」就是因。基於「無明」跟「行」就產生了中間八個我們這一生經歷的過程；到了這八個中的最後一個，「有」這個部分，就形成新的印記了，基於舊的印記，又產生了新的印記，然後才會有「生」和「老死」，這就是結果。
▌「偷蘋果」要有四部分，才成業力印記
要怎麼理解這個中間的過程呢？可以舉例來說，比如說我們以「偷蘋果」為例來解說：「偷蘋果」這件事，它要成為一個業力，需要有四個部分組成的：
[一，動機：] 首先，你心中想要去偷，生起了的意願，有去偷的想法。
[二，行動：] 你就要採取行動，看看四下無人啊，你就去準備去偷。這就是行動。
[三，對境：] 第三，就是有蘋果出現，有蘋果這樣的對境條件讓你偷。
[四，完成：] 第四，你偷到了，你把它放進包包、放進自己的兜裡就走掉了，你知道「我偷成功了」，就在你想到「我偷蘋果得逞了」，就叫「完成」。
這樣，這個過程就完成了，從那一刻開始，「偷蘋果」這樣一個業印，就在你的潛意識當中種下去了。
▌從「無明」開始，啟動「十二緣起」的輪迴循環
[一，無明：]
一開始是「無明」，你沒認識到偷東西是不好的，不僅對自己不好，對所有人都不好。這是「無明」。
[二，行：]
你就這樣去偷了，因此而產生了印記。這就是「行」。
[三，識：]
接著，偷東西的業印就會發展到成為心續中的一個小種子。這就是「識」。
[四，名色：]
接下來，種子越變越大，就會進入心和身。這裡「心」指的是潛意識，而「身」指的是微細身。
[五，六入：]
第五個是「六入」，包括耳、鼻、舌、整個身體。
[六，觸：]
然後透過六識，你就有能力接觸到對境，這就是「觸」。
[七，受：]
當你接觸到，就會生起感受，這就是「受」。 這時，生起了不樂受。偷東西的業印產生了痛苦，而痛苦就是業果。
[八，愛：]
接著，對於遠離苦產生了貪愛。
[九，取：]
然後你會去執取它。
[十，有：]
然後慢慢就發展出業力，就是「有」。
[十一，生、十二，老死：]
這就導致再一次的「生」，跟「老死」。
這個循環不斷的流轉狀態，我們就叫做「輪迴」。
[註：十二緣起：1.無明、2.行、3.識、4.名色、5.六入、6.觸、7.受、8.愛、9.取、10.有、11.生、12.老死。]
（2024明就仁波切「《心經》的禪修指引」5月28日第四天開示摘要，亞洲德噶主辦，壤日法師英譯中）
#2024MeditationPracticeofHeartSutra_Day4Excerpt
#CauseOfSamsara
#KarmicImprint
#How12NidanasExplainCycleOfLifeAndDeath
Question: “During the teaching on the 12 links of dependent origination, you mentioned that when triggered by imprints, karma is created as "feeling" progresses to "craving". You also mentioned that imprints are created at "becoming". Can you kindly explain the difference between both occasions and how they relate to each other? Is karma or imprint the cause of the spinning of the samsaric cycle, or both?”
▌Is karma and karmic imprint the cause of samsara?
Rinpoche’s answer: That’s why we call it a circle. Did the chicken come first or the egg? There’s no one answer – it’s like a circle. That’s why we call samsara a circle; it goes round and round.
In the 12 links of dependent origination, there are two karmic imprints. First there’s “ignorance” and “volition”; volition is the karmic imprint. Ignorance and volition are the cause. Based on these two, we have the eight processes in this life. Within these eight, the last one – “becoming” – is also a karmic imprint. This karmic imprint is a new one that’s based on the old karmic imprint. Then we are born again, and we die again. The last two – “birth” and “death” – are the result.
▌The four steps that turn stealing an apple into a karmic imprint
How do we understand this process? For example, to have the karma of stealing an apple, we need four things.
First, the intention of “I want to steal this apple”.
Then you have to create what we call the action. You look around, “Oh, nobody is here, I am going to steal an apple”. This is action.
Third, there is the object of an apple. If you look around and see no apple, you cannot create the karma of stealing an apple.
Fourth, you take the apple you see and put it in your pocket, and then you come out and think, “OK, I got it”. That moment is what we call “completion”.
The moment you know “I stole it, I got the apple”, the imprint of stealing the apple goes into the subconsciousness. That is a tiny seed.
▌The 12 nidanas of samsaric cycle, beginning with “ignorance”
First there is “ignorance”, because you did not recognise that stealing is not good. In the end, it’s no good for you, no good for everybody. So there is ignorance.
Then you steal, and that becomes the imprint. That’s the “volition”.
Then the imprint becomes a tiny seed in the stream of consciousness. Number three is “consciousness”.
Next is “name and matter”. The seed grows bigger and bigger into the mind and body – that’s number four. “Mind” refers to the subconsciousness, and “body” refers to the subtle body.
Number five, it comes into the “six senses”, such as the ear, nose, tongue, the whole body.
Number six is “contact”, when the senses come into contact with an object.
Number seven is “feelings”. That’s when the unpleasant sensations come. So from the karmic imprint of stealing comes suffering. That’s the karmic result – suffering.
Then number eight, “craving” arises from the suffering.
Then there’s “grasping”.
At number 10, we create new karma, what we call “becoming”.
Then you will be born again, that’s number 11 – “birth”.
And you get old and die, that’s number 12 – “old age and death”.
So samsara goes round and round and round like that.
-- An excerpt from Day 4 of Mingyur Rinpoche’s teaching on The Meditation Practice of Heart Sutra, May 28, 2024. Organised by Tergar Asia.
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